1943年，美国推出了一项大胆的新战略 In 1943 America launches a bold new strategy...
以保障胜利… ...that promises victory...
但却带来了意想不到的结果 ...but delivers the unexpected.
塔拉瓦战役前无古人，后无来者 There was no battle before, no battle since, like Tarawa.
激烈的冲突将决定战争的进程 Ferocious conflicts will shape the course of the war
引发创新 sparking new innovations
突破新的障碍 and breaking new barriers.
以彩色的战斗影像… With color combat footage...
和罕见的幕后镜头… ... and rare film from behind-the-lines...
聆听声音，感受战斗 hear the voices... and feel the fight.
看样子你走进了地狱 It looked like you're headed for hell.
因为确实如此 Because you were.
【全彩太平洋战争】 （三）跳岛战术
1943年11月 November 1943.
一支全面的入侵部队从公海切入 A full-scale invasion force cuts through the open sea.
100艘船，35000人 One hundred ships. 35,000 men.
他们是美国太平洋战争中 They're the tip of the spear in America's first
第一次大规模两栖攻击的先锋 large-scale amphibious assault of the Pacific War.
信心高涨 Confidence rides high.
舰队的规模使目标相形见绌—— The size of the fleet dwarfs the target --
塔拉瓦岛，一个窄小的环礁 Tarawa, a whisper-thin atoll
角落里藏着一个机场 with an airfield tucked in the corner.
这个岛只有纽约中央公园的一半大 This island is half the size of New York's Central Park.
指挥官们列出了他们的标的 The commanding officers lay out their prize.
该基地是日本最重要的空军基地之一 The airbase is one of Japan's most important,
美军必须夺取，以便在太平洋地区推进 and the Americans must secure it to advance in the Pacific.
所有人都受过训练，但几乎没人接受过考验 All have been trained... but few have been tested.
海军陆战队摄影师诺姆·哈奇就是其中之一 Marine combat cameraman Norm Hatch is among them.
他带着3台相机和5000英尺长的胶卷 He's carrying three cameras and 5,000 feet of film.
他对这场战斗很有信心 He's confident about the battle.
我们带着铲子，但我们盘算着 We packed shovels along with us, but we figured
我们不会挖散兵坑，只会给日本人挖坟 we didn't have to dig any foxholes, only Jap graves.
哈奇拍摄了作战前漫长的日子 Hatch films the long days leading up to the invasion.
海军陆战队组装弹药…… Marines assemble ammunition...
向海里试射武器 ...test-fire weapons into the sea.
以锻炼来缓解紧张 Exercise relieves the tension.
在开战前夕 On the eve of the invasion,
神父弗兰克·凯利帮助人们平息了紧张情绪 Father Frank Kelly helps calm the nerves.
对参加过瓜达尔卡纳尔岛一战的人来说，他是熟面孔 He's a familiar face to those who fought on Guadalcanal.
但对其他人来说，这是他们第一次体验战争 But for the rest, it's their first taste of war.
这将是一次难忘的洗礼 It will be an unforgettable baptism.
1943年11月20日 塔瓦拉D日
黎明前，陆战队员涌入登陆艇 Before dawn, the Marines pour into the landing craft.
破晓时分，舰队在他们上方火力掩护，以削弱抵抗 As daylight breaks, the ships open fire above their heads to soften defenses.
他们轰击了小岛整整4小时 They pound the tiny island for four solid hours.
约翰尼·辛格尔顿回忆起那次打击 Johnnie Singleton recalls the destruction:
我们以为在轰炸和进攻之后 We thought that after all our bombarding and attacking
岛上将什么也不会剩下 there would be nothing left on the island.
然后，海军飞机接管 Then, Navy planes take over.
总之，美军向塔拉瓦投射了400多万磅的弹药 In all, Americans rip into Tarawa with over four million tons of steel.
海军承诺在我们到达之前杀光所有的日本鬼子 The Navy promised that they would have all the Japs killed by the time we got there.
所以我们真的没那么担心 So we really weren't all that worried.
计划是让海军陆战队在该岛北部海滩登陆 The plan is to land the Marines on the island's northern beaches
向关键目标——中心的飞机跑道移动 and move towards the key target -- the airstrip at the center.
在登陆艇的庇护下，他们充满信心 Sheltered in the landing craft, the men are confident.
他们第一次使用名为美铁的履带船 They're using amphibious tractors called Amtraks for the first time.
美军希望它们能冲破日军的防线 Americans hope they can plow through the Japanese defenses.
当部队靠近时，海军舰艇停下了他们的枪炮 As troops approach, the Navy ships silence their guns.
这个岛屿看起来死气沉沉 The island looks lifeless.
突然，炮火侵袭了入侵者 Suddenly, incoming fire grazes the invaders.
海军陆战队员挤在船上感到相对安全 Marines feel relatively safe huddled in their boats.
但是火力在加剧 But the pounding intensifies.
然后，出乎意料的是小船嘎然而止 Then, unexpectedly, the boats grind to a halt.
他们预计快要涨潮了 They anticipated the tide was going to be in.
结果却没有 It didn't turn out that way.
小船在大约500码外的暗礁上搁浅 The boats ran into a reef about 500 yards out.
登陆艇开始进入日本鬼子的射程 The Japs began to get in our range and the range of the Amtraks.
水真的很浅 The water was a real low.
我们只是呆在那被屠杀 We were just sitting out there being slaughtered.
海军参谋错误判断了潮水 Naval planners misjudged the tide.
他们预计礁石处有5英尺深的水，但是只有3英尺 They expect five feet of water over the reef -- but there's only three.
登陆艇陷入困境 The Amtraks are stranded.
机枪火力加剧，迫击炮倾泻如雨 Machine-gun fire intensifies and mortars rain down.
这些士兵就像靶子 The men are sitting ducks.
他们只有一个选择，要么弃船，要么被炸出水面 They have one choice: abandon ship -- or be blown out of the water.
诺姆·哈奇眼睁睁看着进攻行动在他面前瓦解 Norm Hatch is watching the invasion unravel right in front of him.
每个人都得带着80磅的装备跳进水里 Everybody had to go over with 80 pounds of gear and drop in the water.
陆战队被迫在日本迫击炮和机关枪的火力下涉水700码 The Marines are forced to wade 700 yards under Japanese mortar and machine-gun fire.
他们正在一排排地被击倒 They are being mowed down in rows.
我们可以看到机关枪的子弹像雨点一样打进水里 We could see the machine gun bullets hitting the water like raindrops.
我们会看到一个人消失 We'd see a man disappear.
然后是另一个人消失 Then, another man would disappear.
哈奇带着他的35毫米手摇相机 Hatch carries his hand-cranked 35mm camera
和机枪手一起涉水而入 and wades in right beside machine gunners.
他们奋力登上了拥挤的海滩 They fight their way onto the crowded beach.
士兵被困在海浪中 Men are pinned down in waves.
我们进了个马蜂窝 We ran into a hornet's nest.
这很残忍…面对面短兵相接 It was brutal... up front and personal. Eyeball to eyeball.
有些部队已经损失了一半队员 Some units have already lost half of their men.
一开始顺利的行动很快就出了岔子 What began as a smooth operation is quickly going awry.
日本的录像揭示了令人不安的真相 Japanese footage reveals the unnerving truth.
塔拉瓦是戒备森严的杀戮场 Tarawa is a heavily defended killing field,
5000名士兵整装待发 with 5,000 soldiers ready to fight.
数百个碉堡、炮窝、雷区和地堡点缀着这座岛屿 Hundreds of pillboxes, gun nests, minefields, and bunkers dot the island --
所有这些都被珊瑚和椰子木制成的巨大海堤所包围 all surrounded by a huge seawall made of coral and coconut logs.
海军陆战队终于登上了海滩 The Marines that have finally made it onto the beach
现在都被困在巨大的海堤前 are now trapped against the massive wall.
登陆艇应该能帮助海军陆战队突破这些防御 The Amtraks were supposed to help the Marines breach these defenses.
但仍有许多人被困在离岸数百码的暗礁上 But many remain stuck on the reef hundreds of yards offshore.
能到海滩的也被打得无法作业 Those that make the beach are often too shot up to work.
少数能用的也无法清除海堤 The few that do work are unable to clear the wall.
我们用的是老式的鳄鱼履带船 We were using old alligator tractors,
第一批制造的 the first ones built.
它们就像一个大铁罐… They were like a big tin can...
我的履带船在海堤上翻车了，多数人都掉了出来 My tractor reared up on the sea wall, and most men fell out.
海军再次开火，希望掩护陆续登陆的部队 The Navy opens fire again, hoping to cover the incoming troops.
但情况越来越糟 But things are going from bad to worse.
海军陆战队无法再协同攻击 Marines can no longer coordinate attacks.
很多事情都出了问题 A lot of things went wrong.
收音机里进了海水，所以我们无法通讯 The radios got salt water in them, so we didn't have communications.
进攻才几个小时 Just a few hours into the invasion,
成百上千的尸体已覆盖海滩 hundreds of bodies cover the beach.
坦克甚至无法绕过他们 Tanks can't even get around them.
美军认为已经为塔拉瓦做好了准备 Americans thought they were prepared for Tarawa.
怎么会到了这个地步的？ How did it come to this?
在塔拉瓦战役之前，盟军已经开始在太平洋地区击退日军 Before Tarawa, the Allies had begun to roll back the Japanese in the Pacific.
1943年6月和7月 In June and July 1943
美国人登陆远在阿拉斯加附近的阿留申群岛 Americans invade the remote Aleutian Islands near Alaska.
短短的几周内，他们开垦了这些贫瘠寒冷的土地 In a few short weeks they reclaim these barren cold lands from Japan
从日本手中重夺了北太平洋的控制权 and regain control of the North Pacific.
在偏远的西南太平洋岛屿上 In the far flung islands of the Southwest Pacific,
麦克阿瑟将军正在缓慢前进 General MacArthur is inching forward,
袭击了新几内亚的据点 Targeting strongholds through New Guinea,
新不列颠，以及所罗门群岛 New Britain, and the Solomons.
麦克阿瑟设想从这里开辟一条解放菲律宾的道路 From here, MacArthur envisions a path to liberate the Philippines
并最终侵入日本本土 and eventually invade Japan itself.
但是海军上将尼米兹提出了另一条去日本的路线 But Admiral Nimitz proposes another route to Japan --
更加大胆，而且要求一种全新的作战形式 far bolder and demanding an entirely new form of warfare:
跳导战术 island-hopping.
麦克阿瑟战区的东北部——从吉尔伯特的塔拉瓦开始 Northeast of MacArthur's theater -- starting with Tarawa in the Gilberts --
小岛成为跳蛙的垫脚石 tiny islands become stepping stones to leap-frog
通过太平洋中部的开放水域到达日本 through the open waters of the Central Pacific -- to Japan.
在尼米兹的率领下，部队向塔拉瓦进发 Led by Nimitz, the troops set off for Tarawa,
他们有足够的人力和机器，能轻易越过小小的环礁 confident they have enough men and machines to easily overrun the tiny atoll.
但是本该是轻而易举的事 But what should have been a cakewalk
却成了太平洋战争中美国最血腥的登陆 is turning into the bloodiest American landing of the Pacific War.
1943年11月21日
塔拉瓦的部队正在地上经历着地狱 While troops on Tarawa experience hell on earth,
一支较小的部队被派去侵袭邻近的马金岛 a smaller unit is sent to invade the neighboring island of Makin.
幸运的是，这是个不同的世界 Lucky for them it's a different world.
美国人的数量是守军的两倍 The Americans outnumber the defenders two to one,
而且日本人几乎没有重武器 and the Japanese have few heavy weapons.
他们很快占领了岛上的大片土地 They quickly secure a large chunk of the island,
偶尔也会遇到抵抗 meeting occasional pockets of resistance.
但回到塔拉瓦岛，情况就不同了 But back on Tarawa it's a different story.
对于幸存下来的人来说，运气就不多了 For those who have survived this far, luck may be running out.
他们无法动弹 They can't move.
他们被敌人的炮火牵制住 They are pinned down by enemy fire,
增援部队无法到达登陆区 and the reinforcements are having trouble making it to the landing zones.
日本人在夜间游了出去 During the night the Japanese have swum out
摧毁登陆艇，架起机关枪 to wrecked amphibians and set up machine guns.
现在美军又把枪口转向大海 Now Americans turn their guns back out to sea
对付他们被劫持的登陆艇 to pick off their own hijacked landing craft.
海滩上，日军继续在防御工事的掩护下猛力开火 On the beach, the Japanese continue to hurl massive firepower from dug-in defenses.
日本人大部分时间都躲在地下 The Japanese were mostly underground all the time.
然后当你经过的时候 Then you'd go by,
他们就会出来朝你开枪 and they'd come out and fire at you as you were passing by.
你无法想象... 一点都不现实 You can't imagine it... It was unrealistic.
到目前为止，已有1500名美国人死亡、失踪或受伤 So far 1,500 Americans are dead, missing or wounded.
医护人员不堪重负 The medics were overwhelmed.
有太多人的状态都很糟糕 There were so many guys that were in such bad shape
其中不少人被标记为死亡，但他们还活着 that many of them were marked dead and they were still alive.
新的海军陆战队增援部队终于开始抵达 Fresh Marine reinforcements finally begin to arrive.
它们占据了岛上的一小角 They have a tiny toe-hold on the island
并且掌握了北部海滩的据点 and command pockets of the northern beaches.
随着时间的推移，他们将分散的部队集合起来 As the day winds on they link up scattered Marine units,
夺取岛中央的机场，并试图在塔拉瓦推进 take the airfield in the center of the island, and try to push across Tarawa.
海军陆战队调来谢尔曼坦克提供帮助 The Marines call in Sherman tanks to help,
这是它在太平洋战场上首次行动 the first to see action in the Pacific.
但其内部能见度很低 But visibility from inside is poor.
相对较轻的37毫米炮，对日本强大的防御工事无能为力 The relatively light 37mm guns are powerless against the strong Japanese fortifications.
而且坦克无线电的频率和步兵无线电的频率不同 And tank radios have different frequencies than infantry radios.
谢尔曼坦克毫无价值 The Shermans are worthless.
战斗所使用的14辆中，只有2辆幸存 Of the 14 used in the battle, only two survive.
在D+1结束时 By the end of D+1,
海军陆战队已将该岛的防御工事一分为二 Marines have split the island's defenses in half.
他们穿过了飞机跑道，占领南面废弃的防御工事 They've crossed the airstrip and occupy abandoned defensive works on the south side.
我们在岛上冲锋陷阵，射杀一切 We just charged right across the island, shooting anything,
试图炸毁路过的每一个地堡 trying to blow up every bunker that we went by.
但占领塔拉瓦需要付出更多的努力 But capturing Tarawa will take a lot more
而不止是碾压过去 than just running over it.
这不是一次24小时行动就能办到的 This wasn't going to be any 24-hour operation.
岛上有很多日本人，他们决定死在那里 There were plenty of Japs on the island, and they had decided to die there.
1943年11月22日
海军陆战队仍然面临着一个艰巨的任务 The Marines still face an awesome task:
他们必须穿过岛屿向东推进 They must advance east across the island,
清除沿途的每个碉堡和散兵坑 removing each pillbox and foxhole along the way.
这是一个肮脏而危险的工作 It's a dirty and dangerous job.
海军陆战队用手榴弹和火焰赶出敌人 Marines use hand grenades and fire to blast out the enemy.
他们会用火焰喷射器从洞口射入地堡 They would use flamethrowers and shoot them in through the openings into the bunker.
火焰不会把人点着 The flames really didn't burn people up.
人们要么窒息而死，要么跑出去 Guys would either suffocate or run out
因为所有氧气都被耗光了 because you had sucked up all the oxygen.
战斗是残酷而激烈的 The battles are ferocious and intense.
美军很少看到他们的敌人 Rarely do Americans see their enemy.
但诺姆·哈奇捕捉到了一个史诗般的时刻 But Norm Hatch captures one epic moment.
我听到一个海军陆战队士兵大喊 I heard one of the Marines yell,
“日本佬来了”，所以我转过身去… "Here come the Japs," so I just swiveled my body...
据我所知，这是太平洋战争中唯一一次 That's the only time to the best of my knowledge in the Pacific War that
敌人与我们同框的情况 the enemy is in the same frame as us.
随着D+2的推进 As D+2 grinds on,
海军陆战队逐个扫荡剩余的日军阵地 the Marines mop up remaining Japanese positions, one by one.
这个岛看起来被炸成了碎片 The island looks blown to bits.
就像在沙漠中前进 It's like advancing through a wasteland.
到处都是狙击手 Snipers are everywhere.
他们把自己绑在树上，对美国人乱开枪 They tie themselves in the trees and take potshots at the Americans.
1943年11月23日
塔拉瓦战役现在是一场灭绝性的战役 The battle for Tarawa is now a war of extermination.
陆地上的人并不是唯一的受害者 The men on land are not the only victims.
一艘日本潜艇直接击中了利斯康贝号航母 A Japanese submarine scores a direct hit on the USS Liscombe Bay.
她在23分钟内沉没，687人丧生 She sinks in 23 minutes, and loses 687 of her men.
杜鲁门·吉尔在密西西比号上目睹了这一悲剧 Truman Gill sees the tragedy from the USS Mississippi.
我跳了起来，看到一艘航空母舰 I jumped up and saw an aircraft carrier
被一枚鱼雷击中… that had been hit by a big torpedo...
所有的弹药都爆炸了，那些人当场丧命 all the ammunition exploded. The men were instantly killed...
这次袭击将占战争中美军阵亡总人数的30%以上 This strike will count as more than 30% of the total loss of American life during the Battle.
几个小时后，盟军的船只和飞机 A few hours later Allied ships and planes
再一次向岛上密集发射炮火 unload another massive barrage onto the island.
这似乎得到了回报 It appears to pay off.
只剩下少数的抵抗据点 Only a few pockets of resistance remain.
但这些据点很凶猛 But those pockets are fierce.
在这里，海军陆战队使用火焰喷射器对抗敌人的顽固据点 Here, Marines use a flamethrower against a stubborn enemy stronghold.
诺姆·哈奇持续他的拍摄 Norm Hatch keeps his camera rolling.
没有尽头，你就样走着 There wasn't any end. You just walked away.
剩下没人来战斗了 There wasn't anybody left to fight.
经过三天的战斗，美国最终宣布这个岛是安全的 After three days of fighting, Americans finally declare the island secure.
日军战斗到最后一个人 The Japanese have fought to the last man.
在5000名士兵中，只有17人生还 Of their 5,000 soldiers, only 17 survive.
美军抓到少量俘虏，多数是韩国劳工 Americans take few prisoners; most are Korean laborers.
为了防止隐藏的武器，他们被剪开衣服 To guard against concealed weapons, they cut away their clothes.
日本曾夸口说，100万人用100年才能拿下塔拉瓦 Japan once boasted it would take a million men a hundred years to take Tarawa.
美国证明并非如此，但代价也是惊人的 America proved otherwise. But at a shocking cost.
罗斯福总统批准向公众发布战斗影像 President Roosevelt grants permission to release images of the battle to the public.
时间越来越近了 Each hour is getting close.
在我们行动的前三天，超过400万磅的炸药被投到岛上 For three days before we moved in, over 4 million pounds of explosives have been dropped down on the island.
似乎不可能有人在那样的轰炸中存活 It didn't seem possible that anyone could live through that bombardment.
这部影片向美国人展示了战争真正的破坏——未经审查 The film shows Americans the true ravages of the war -- uncensored.
这些是阵亡的海军陆战队员 These are Marine dead.
举国震惊 The nation is shocked.
一个热带岛屿变成了腐烂的墓地 A tropical island has become a putrid graveyard.
成千上万的尸体躺在酷热中腐烂 Thousands of bodies lie decaying in the scorching heat.
用了三天的艰苦战斗 It takes three days of hard fighting,
1000多人死亡，2000多人受伤的代价 over 1,000 dead and 2,000 wounded,
占领不到3平方英里的岛屿 to capture an island of less than three square miles.
这就是我们为一场不想要的战争必须付出的代价 This is the price we have to pay for a war we didn't want.
在它结束之前，在其他战场上会有更多的人死去 And before it's over there'll be more dead on other battlefields.
影片赢得了奥斯卡奖 The film wins an Oscar.
塔拉瓦的伤亡震惊了公众，军队遭到抨击 Tarawa leaves the public shaken, and the military under fire.
新占领的机场被证明非常有价值 The newly secured airfields prove highly valuable,
但是代价太大了 but the cost was too great.
跳岛战术没能通过第一次大考验 Island hopping has failed its first big test.
对于战争规划者来说，又要回到图纸上了 For war planners, it's back to the drawing board.
他们从上到下重新设计了计划 They redesign the plan, from top to bottom.
让部队在炮火中训练 Troops train under live fire,
学习如何使用新式武器 learn how to use upgraded weapons,
用新的登陆艇做实验 and experiment with new landing craft.
塔拉瓦的失败也激发了一个新创意 The failures of Tarawa also spark a new concept --
水下爆破团队 Underwater Demolition Teams,
它是美国海豹突击队的前身 a precursor to the U.S. Navy SEALS.
180人参加了第一个培训项目 180 men join the first training program.
他们练习水下侦察和爆破 They practice underwater reconnaissance and demolition
为未来的攻击扫清道路 to clear the path for future assaults.
其他一些想法促使了美国的大胆思考 Other ideas push America to think big.
新的埃塞克斯级航母加入舰队 The new Essex-class carrier joins the force.
它更快，更大，携带近100架战斗机 It is faster, larger, and carries almost 100 fighter planes --
足以支撑一个遥远岛屿的侵入 enough to support a distant island invasion.
配备了更好的雷达，可以探测到远处的敌机 Equipped with better radar, it can detect enemy planes farther away --
这使它在广阔的海域中更有信心 giving it more confidence in the wide open seas.
最后，它可以比其他航母更加能够深入敌占区 Finally it could go deeper in enemy territory than any other carrier had been
自从日本袭击珍珠港以后 since the Japanese had struck Pearl Harbor.
另一种独立级航母也进入了战场 Another type of carrier -- the Independence class -- also enters the scene.
它实际上是一艘改装的巡洋舰 It's actually a converted cruiser --
比埃塞克斯号小，但速度更快 smaller, but faster than the Essex.
他们成队作战以集中火力 They operate in groups to concentrate firepower.
尼米兹和盟军希望这些新航母 Nimitz and the Allies are hoping these new flat-tops
将是跳岛成功的关键 will be the key to island-hopping's success.
埃塞克斯号和独立航母将发射一种新型飞机—— Both the Essex and Independence carriers will launch a new airplane --
F6F地狱猫 The F6F Hellcat.
他们经过特别的改造，以对付他们的主要对手 They are specially modified to deal with their prime adversary
日本的零式战斗机 -- the Japanese Zero.
时速增加30英里 It's 30 miles per hour faster,
配备更好的装甲和火力 with better armor and more firepower.
但改进还不止于此 But improvements don't stop here.
在塔拉瓦实验后，美国人彻底地检修了登陆艇 After their testy start at Tarawa, Americans completely overhaul the Amtraks.
由于采用了新设计，它们跑得更快 Sporting a new design, they're faster.
有了更多防护，并且更加致命 More protected. And deadlier.
有些配备了可以摧毁日本防御工事的榴弹炮 Some have howitzer rockets to blast Japanese fortifications.
它们会更强，但也更难驾驶 They'll be stronger, but harder to drive.
他们开始给我们的履带车装甲 They started putting armor plating on our tractors.
他们只开出一个小槽让你能看到外面 They would just cut a little slot for you to look out.
你的视野不多，只能看见正前方 You couldn't see much, only straight ahead of you.
谢尔曼坦克——塔拉瓦的又一个败笔 Sherman tanks -- another Tarawa flop --
也要好好检修一下 also get an overhaul.
他们有更好的无线电，外面还有一部电话 They have better radios, and a telephone on the outside
这样步兵就可以和里面的乘员通话 so infantry can talk to the crew inside.
他们有更厚的装甲和更大的火炮 They have more armor, and bigger guns.
有些人拥有全新的武器 And some have a totally new weapon.
火焰 Fire.
美军想知道，是否有了喷火器 Americans wonder if flamethrowers
就能摧毁传统火力无法摧毁的东西 can destroy what traditional firepower could not.
有了这个新机器 With this new machinery,
美国希望最终在太平洋地区亮出自己的实力 the US hopes to finally flex its muscle over the Pacific.
但一切都掌握在毛头小子的手中 But it's all in the hands of boys.
这些家伙高中刚毕业 Guys barely out of high school
为他们从未想过的生活而训练 train for a life they never expected.
道格·艾特肯回忆起加利福尼亚的汹涌波涛 Doug Aitken recalls the rough waters off California:
为了训练，我们在海岸上来回跑了几周 We went for a few weeks up and down the coast -- for training.
我想这更为众所周知的是 I think it was better known as,
“克服晕船，伙计们” "Get rid of your seasickness, guys."
我晕得像条狗，不知道自己为什么要加入海军 I was sick as a dog wondering why in the world did I ever join the Navy.
每支登陆队都学会了用绳索 Each landing team learns the ropes,
网攀，下潜 net climbing and disembarking.
他们接受了一周的两栖训练 They receive a week of amphibious training
并通过模拟海军炮火和空中支援进行演习 and rehearse with simulated naval gunfire and air support.
我们用登陆艇做过一些培训… We did some training with Amtraks...
那是个可怕的东西 That was a scary thing.
你将要从斜坡上离开出舱口 Here you are going off the end of an LST ramp
车头往水里一伸 and the nose diving down into the water,
你会好奇在开始下水之前，能承受多少水 you're wondering how much water can we take on before we'd start sinking...
部队进行肉搏战 The troops practice hand to hand combat,
丛林袭击，然后开火——都是实弹 jungle attacks, and fire their weapons -- all with live ammunition.
你会惊讶于那些在基础训练中受伤的人 You'd be surprised the people in there that got hurt in basic training.
他们根本不在乎 They didn't give a damn.
“见鬼，我们在打仗，振作起来” "Hell, we're at war. Shape up."
他们就是这样塑造我们的 That's how they put us in shape.
做了最后的简报，他们装备停当 After a final briefing, they load up
以进行2000英里的穿越太平洋之旅 for a 2,000-mile trip across the Pacific.
对大多数人来说，这是他们离家最远的一次 For most, it's the farthest they've ever been from home --
第一次踏上他们的征程 on the way to their first war.
指挥官接收了一堆像我这样 The commander inherited a bunch of green,
未经考验，没经验，没受过训练的新手 untested, untried, untrained people like me
来操纵他的船 into operating his ship.
我刚去的时候还是个孩子 I was just a kid when I went in.
哪也没去过，什么工作都没做过 I had never been anyplace, hadn't done anything.
对我们这些乡下人来说很容易 It was easy for us country boys
因为我们习惯了艰苦的工作 because we were used to hard work.
但是一些城里人 But some of the city boys,
你会听到他们在床上哭 you would hear them crying in their bunks.
这是为期10天的航程 It's a 10-day voyage.
士兵们通过听取目标简报来消磨时间 Soldiers pass the time getting briefed on their targets...
互相了解… getting to know each other...
并为久经考验的海军仪式做准备—— and preparing for a time-tested ritual of naval bonding --
被欺凌 hazing.
当船穿过赤道时，新兵要忍受海神仪式 When a ship crosses the equator, new troops endure the Neptune Ceremony.
这将使一名新队员成为一名可靠的水手 This transforms a new recruit into a trusty sailor.
用海军俚语说，新人变老手 In Navy slang, a Polliwog becomes a Shellback.
海军军官约翰·赫恰克在诺克斯号上打扮成牧师的样子 Naval officer John Herchak -- dressed as a chaplain -- is on board the USS Knox
用自己的相机拍下了他的胡闹 and films the folly with his own camera.
经常会有选美比赛 There is often a beauty contest,
且每个部门必须至少推出一名泳装参赛者 and each department must present at least one contestant in swimsuit drag.
主持仪式的是海神尼普顿，公海的统治者 Presiding over the ceremony is King Neptune, ruler of the high seas.
他们给你刮胡子，让你去找海神 They shave you, they make you go up to King Neptune,
他有个大屌，你得去亲它 and he's got this great big dong and you have to go kiss it.
…他们剪了你的头发，并染成黄色 ... They cut your hair and paint it yellow.
该死，那些家伙对我们做的事真是难以置信 Damn, the things those guys did to us. It was unbelievable.
我们遍体鳞伤 We were black and blue,
当那天结束的时候，我确实很高兴 and I was sure glad when that day was over with.
现在一切都是有趣的游戏，尽管有痛苦的欺负 For now it's all fun and games, despite the painful hazing.
但当他们直接进入战场时 But as they steam directly into war,
真正的痛苦就在地平线上 real pain is just beyond the horizon.
在埃及开罗附近的金字塔阴影下 In the shadow of the pyramids near Cairo, Egypt,
在穆斯林世界的中心 in the heart of the Muslim world,
中国、英国和美国的领导人 the leaders of China, Great Britain and the United States
第一次面对面的会见 meet face to face for the first time.
在1943年11月的开罗会议上 At the Cairo Conference in November of 1943,
三国首脑同意了战胜日本的总体方案 the three heads of state agree to the overall plan for the defeat of Japan.
美国将继续在太平洋地区采取双管齐下的策略 America will maintain a two-pronged approach across the Pacific.
麦克阿瑟会从新几内亚推进 MacArthur will advance from New Guinea,
隔离日本在南方的据点 isolating Japanese strongholds in the South.
尼米兹将继续在太平洋中部岛屿间跳跃 Nimitz will keep island-hopping up the Central Pacific.
吉尔伯特在拿下了塔拉瓦之后 After the capture of Tarawa in the Gilberts,
下一步是地势低洼的马绍尔群岛 the next step is the low-lying Marshall Islands.
第一站——夸贾林河 The first stop -- Kwajalein.
美国以新的工具和新战略向西部进发 America steams west with new tools, and a new strategy.
在塔拉瓦作战的主要指挥官很好地吸取了教训 The key commanders who fought on Tarawa have absorbed their lessons well.
他们现在知道两栖作战需要更多的东西 They now know amphibious warfare requires more of everything:
更多的炮击 more shelling,
更多的登陆艇，更多空中支援 more landing craft, and more air support.
11月下旬，有飞机从塔拉瓦起飞，开始瞄准马绍尔群岛 In late November, airplanes launched from Tarawa begin to zero in on the Marshalls.
美国轰炸机投掷了超过111吨的炸药 American bombers drop more than 111 tons of explosives.
一架战斗机在这里锁定了主要目标 Here, a fighter locks onto a prime target --
一个日本机场 a Japanese airfield.
猛攻持续了两个月 The onslaught continues for two months,
几乎把所有日本飞机打到无法使用 knocking virtually every Japanese plane out of commission.
但日本的录影揭示了隐藏的真相 But Japanese film reveals the hidden truth --
28000名地面部队正在等着美国人 28,000 ground troops await the Americans --
比塔拉瓦多2.3万人 23,000 more than Tarawa.
新月形的夸贾林环礁是世界上最大的珊瑚环礁 Long and crescent-shaped, Kwajalein is the largest coral atoll in the world.
袭击目标是南端的夸贾林岛主岛 The targets are the main island of Kwajalein at the southern tip
第二天到达罗那穆尔岛 and the island of Roi-Namur the next day.
因为相距40英里，进攻需要两次独立战役 Since they're 40 miles apart, the assault requires two separate campaigns.
计划第一天攻击夸贾林 The plan -- hit Kwajalein on Day 1.
然后第二天进攻罗那穆尔 Then attack Roi-Namur the next day.
2月1日当他们接近夸贾林时，敌人不见踪影 As they approach Kwajalein on February 1st, the enemy is nowhere in sight,
炸弹造成的破坏令人难以置信 and the bomb damage is surreal.
我一辈子都没见过如此混乱的景象 I have never seen such a shambles in my life.
海滩上到处是色彩鲜艳的鱼 The beach was a mass of highly colored fish
都是被附近的爆炸炸上来的 that had been thrown up there by nearby explosions.
一个士兵坦白说道 One soldier confesses,
“整个岛看起来就像是被人从2万英尺的高处扔了下来” "The entire island looked as if it had been picked up 20,000 feet and then dropped."
当美军偷偷靠近夸贾林时 As Americans sneak up to Kwajalein,
几乎没有一丝交火的声音 there is barely a whimper of crossfire.
日军在防守朝海的一边 The Japanese are defending the ocean side,
因为觉得暗礁一侧太浅，登陆艇过不来 believing the reef side is too shallow for landing craft.
但新的登陆艇让这成为可能 But the new Amtraks make it possible.
日军防错了海滩 The Japanese are caught defending the wrong beach.
登陆像演习一样精确进行 The landings go off with the precision of a drill.
他们在4天内肃清了这个岛 They clear the island in four days.
在罗那穆尔，日本人也不堪一击 On Roi-Namur, Japanese are also overwhelmed.
在3500名守军中，只有51人生还 Of 3,500 defenders, only 51 survive.
这些岛屿在一天之内就被拿下了 The islands are secured in a day.
美国以辉煌的胜利扫除了塔拉瓦的尴尬 America sweeps aside the embarrassment of Tarawa with a glowing victory.
重型机械将为美国在太平洋地区铺设新的垫脚石 Heavy machinery will pave America's new stepping stone in the Pacific.
士兵们庆祝胜利 The men celebrate their triumph.
在海浪中浸泡有助于清除夸贾林的污垢 A dip in the surf helps clean off the Kwajalein dirt.
海军上将尼米兹亲自视察该岛 Admiral Nimitz himself comes to inspect the island in person
并祝贺部队取得的胜利 and congratulate the troops on their success.
但他们可能会对之后到来的人印象更深 But they might be even more impressed by who comes next.
现在这个岛已经安全了 Now that the island is secure,
美国认为对于护士是安全的 America deems it safe for nurses.
太平洋地区的妇女不允许接近战斗区域 Women in the Pacific aren't allowed anywhere near combat areas.
一年多以前，77名护士在菲律宾被俘 Little more than a year ago, 77 nurses were taken prisoner in the Philippines.
所以在夸贾林，护士们受到了严密的监护 So on Kwajalein, nurses are under a tight watch --
被栅栏包围的住所，严格的宵禁和武装护卫 fenced-in quarters, strict curfews, and armed escorts.
条件非常原始 Conditions were very primitive.
24名护士和数百万只蚊子都住在一个帐篷里 There were 24 nurses and millions of mosquitoes all living in one tent.
我们从早工作到晚，轮流上夜班 We worked seven to seven, and we rotated for night duty.
我们一天都没休息过 We didn't get a day off.
她们努力工作… They work hard...
在临时的热带家园充分利用所拥有的休息时间 and make the most of whatever downtime they have in their temporary tropical home.
到目前为止，有6万名护士在美国各地的战线上服务 So far 60,000 nurses serve far and wide on America's war fronts.
但女性在做的不仅仅是护理工作 But women are doing more than nursing.
每个兵种都在为新角色腾出空间 Every service branch is making room for new roles.
有些工作是人们熟悉的 Some jobs are familiar,
但也有一些是全新的 but others are brand new.
到目前为止，有近50万妇女在工厂里工作 By now, close to half a million women are working in factories.
她们制造炸弹、武器和飞机 They're building bombs, weapons, and aircraft.
底特律郊外，威洛经营的福特工厂在战前很少见到妇女 The Willow Run Ford factory outside Detroit saw few women before the war.
现在，成千上万的女性正在建造B-24轰炸机 Now thousands of them are building the B-24 bomber.
她们接下男人们停工的地方 They pick up where the men left off
保持每小时建造一架轰炸机的速度 and stay on pace to build one bomber an hour.
她们操作起重机，组装零件和安插线路 They operate cranes, assemble parts and install wiring.
女性证明她们可以从零开始建造飞机 Women prove they can build airplanes from scratch.
但由谁把它们交给军队呢？ But who will deliver them to the army?
1943年，当美国空军飞行员短缺时 When a shortage of pilots hits the Army air force in 1943...
女子空军飞行团队，黄蜂队诞生了 the WASPS are born. Women Air Force Service Pilots.
在顶尖飞行员杰基·科克伦的带领下 Led by top aviator Jackie Cochran,
在德克萨斯州甜水镇的复仇者球场，黄蜂队正在接受训练 WASPS are trained at Avenger Field in Sweetwater, Texas,
成为在美国历史上第一个男女同校的军用飞行区 making it the first coed military flying field in US history.
我们接受了和男人一样的训练 We went through the same training as the men did,
早上是地面学校 ground school in the morning.
下午是飞行，初级，基础，高级… And flying in the afternoon, primary, basic, advanced...
夜间飞行和仪表飞行 night flying and instrument flying.
但是战争时期的录影揭示 But wartime films reveal
她们仍无法完全摆脱陈腐的刻板印象 they can't quite escape the old stereotypes.
虽然每个女孩来时都是飞行员 Though each girl is a pilot when she comes,
但她必须调整自己以适应新的技术 she must adjust herself to a new technique,
发型也被牺牲了 and hairdos are sacrificed.
每天抽出时间进行日光浴，储存能量 Time out for the daily sunbaths, storing up energy
对抗精神和身体的严酷训练 against the grueling training of minds and bodies,
同时也面临着巨大的责任 while the tremendous responsibilities that lie ahead.
6架飞机，12位美女，驾驶员和副驾驶员每架各一 Six American beauties. Twelve, for there's a pilot and copilot in each.
消息不胫而走，谣言满天飞 The news spreads fast and the rumors start flying.
在甜水镇的第一周 During the first week at Sweetwater,
100多名男飞行员进行了没必要的迫降 more than 100 male pilots make unnecessary forced landings
只为看看那些年轻的姑娘们 just to have a look at the young women.
很快，这个地方就被禁止入内了 Soon the place is barred from all outsiders
后来被称为“科克伦修道院” and becomes known as "Cochran's convent."
近1100名女性获得了她们的翅膀 Nearly 1,100 women earn their wings --
第一批驾驶美国军用飞机的女性 the first women to fly American military aircraft.
她们进行试飞，将飞机从工厂运送到空军基地 They take test flights, ferry planes from factories to air bases,
并执行模拟扫射任务 and fly simulated strafing missions.
女性驾驶各种飞机飞行超过6000万英里 Women log more than 60 million miles flying every type of airplane.
许多会在太平洋上空消失 Many will end up in the skies over the Pacific.
我驾驶过43种不同类型的飞机 I flew 43 different types of aircraft.
很多男人不认为女性可以驾驶军用飞机 There were a lot of men who didn't think women could fly military planes,
但我们秀给他们看了 but we showed them.
第二次世界大战是所有人的战争 World War II is everybody's war.
但只有少数人有权力决定战争的下一步走向 But only a few have the power to decide where the war will go next.
对海军上将尼米兹来说，这是一个曲折的学习过程 For Admiral Nimitz, it's been a steep learning curve.
塔拉瓦是一场惨败 Tarawa was a debacle,
但从中学到的教训在夸贾林取得了惊人的成功 but the lessons applied at Kwajalein were a stunning success.
现在尼米兹希望继续他的跳岛战术 Now Nimitz wants to press on with his island-hopping campaign.
但是，麦克阿瑟将军仍然没被说服 But General MacArthur still isn't convinced.
如果想以尽可能低的成本尽快结束战争 Island hopping with extravagant losses and slow progress is not my idea
损失惨重，进展缓慢的跳岛战术可不是我的想法 of how to end the war as soon and as cheaply as possible.
相反，麦克阿瑟想要在南太平洋持续施压 Instead MacArthur wants to keep the pressure on in the South Pacific.
他的计划称为“车轮行动” Dubbed "Operation Cartwheel,"
打算在新几内亚海岸站稳脚跟 his plan is to gain footing on the New Guinea coast...
以所罗门群岛为阶梯上爬到布干维尔… move up the ladder of the Solomons to Bougainville...
隔离拉鲍尔，这是该地区最强大的日军基地 and isolate Rabaul, the strongest Japanese base in the area.
日本的录影显示了拉鲍尔惊人的防御 Japanese footage reveals Rabaul's awesome defenses.
它被誉为“南太平洋的珍珠港” Known as the "Pearl Harbor of the South Pacific,"
有5个机场，数百门高射炮 it houses five airfields, hundreds of anti-aircraft guns,
以及超过10万人的部队 and more than 100,000 troops.
日本人在这里建造了坚固的堡垒 Here the Japanese have built a mighty fortress,
他们不会轻易放弃 and they won't back down easily.
但美国的飞机在上空嗡嗡作响，毫不气馁 But American planes buzz overhead, undeterred.
日军做好了准备 The Japanese brace themselves.
到了1943年冬，麦克阿瑟开始将目光投向 By the winter of 1943, MacArthur has his sights
位于所罗门群岛北部的布干维尔大岛 set on the large island of Bougainville in the northern Solomons.
从那里他可以很容易地攻打拉鲍尔 From there he can easily strike Rabaul
并压制日本在该地区的空中力量 and silence Japan's air power in the region.
11月1日，14000人的部队开始进攻布干维尔 A force of 14,000 sets out to attack Bougainville on November 1st.
日本人从拉鲍尔召回了重型巡洋舰和驱逐舰 The Japanese call in their heavy cruisers and destroyers from Rabaul.
美国海军人手不足 The US Navy is shorthanded.
许多军舰都被牵制在太平洋中部的跳岛计划中 Many ships are tied up with island-hopping in the Central Pacific.
在孤注一掷的行动中，他们把新一代的 In a desperate move, they put the new generation
埃塞克斯号和独立级航母投入试炼 of Essex and Independence carriers to the test.
轰炸机加入任务 Bombers join the mission.
他们一个接一个地消除目标 They eliminate their targets one by one,
破坏了船只和三分之二的日本飞机 damaging ships and two-thirds of the Japanese planes.
美国航母发动的第一次大规模攻击 成功削弱了日本的空中力量 America's first big attack from a carrier succeeds in crippling Japan's air power.
布干维尔终于落入盟军手中 Bougainville finally falls into Allied hands.
但美军不会罢手，除非他们攻克拉鲍尔 But Americans won't stop until they neutralize Rabaul.
空袭和扫射任务仍在继续 The raids and the strafing missions continue.
其中许多是在新几内亚山区丛林中 Many of these are staged from a handful of small airbases
开辟出的小型空军基地出发的 carved out of the mountainous New Guinea jungle.
这些片段属于第345轰炸组 This one belongs to the 345th Bombardment group,
也被称为空中阿帕奇 otherwise known as the Air Apaches.
这是约翰·汉纳上尉的家庭录影，之前从未公布过 These are Captain John Hanna's home movies which have never been broadcast before.
他捕捉到了营地的生活 He captures camp life --
比如下棋和玩马蹄铁消磨时间 time-killing rituals like chess and horseshoes.
在执行任务前，他们大多会以此放松 It's how many of them relax before a mission.
一个重大任务即将到来了 And a big one is coming.
345轰炸组的目标是卡维恩 The 345th aims for Kavieng,
是日本通往拉鲍尔的供应链的关键一环 a key link in the Japanese supply chain that runs all the way out to Rabaul.
美军将用危险的低空袭击直接进攻补给站 Americans will aim squarely for the supply dumps in a risky low-level attack.
曾经有过入侵卡维恩的计划 There were once plans to invade Kavieng,
但麦克阿瑟正在为最终攻打菲律宾而保存地面部队 but MacArthur is saving his ground forces for an eventual invasion of the Philippines.
盟军将试图仅凭空中力量攻下它 The Allies will try to neutralize it with air power alone.
汉纳上尉亲自拍摄了这个行动 Captain Hanna films the action himself.
子弹从机头枪管射出，火花四溅 Bullets fly from nose guns with telltale sparks.
防空炮火在港口上空乱飞 Bursts of anti-aircraft fire litter the sky above the harbor.
他们的目标是日本的飞机、燃料和货船 They aim for Japanese planes, fuel, and cargo ships.
在烟雾中飞行的编队是混乱的 Flying in formation through the smoke is chaotic.
一架飞机差点把炸弹投到它下面的另一架飞机上 One plane almost drops its bombs on another one below it.
在回程途中，他们发现了一艘日本货轮，并试图消灭它 On the way out, they spot a listing Japanese freighter and try to finish it off.
在这次大胆袭击中，美军瘫痪了日本供应链的一个关键点 In this daring raid, Americans cripple a linchpin of the Japanese supply chain.
这些低空袭击成功地扼制了拉鲍尔 These low-lying raids succeed in putting a stranglehold on Rabaul.
日本的供应链最终被切断 The Japanese supply chain is eventually severed,
10万日军在拉鲍尔被困，留在藤蔓上枯萎 and 100,000 Japanese troops on Rabaul are stuck, left to wither on the vine.
麦克阿瑟将军终于离他的目标——菲律宾更近了 General MacArthur is finally moving closer to his target -- the Philippines.
他继续沿着新几内亚海岸前进 He continues his advance along the coast of New Guinea.
与此同时，中太平洋的跳岛战术仍在进行 Meanwhile, the island-hopping campaign continues in the Central Pacific.
在夸贾林战役胜利之后 After his victory at Kwajalein,
尼米兹着眼于埃尼威托克环礁上的港口和机场 Nimitz eyes the harbor and airstrip on the atoll of Eniwetok.
但是它受到特鲁克的保护 But it's protected -- by Truk,
这是日本在太平洋上最强大的军事基地之一 one of Japan's strongest remaining bases in the pacific.
它有4个机场和400架飞机 With four airstrips and 400 planes,
特鲁克可能会让埃尼威托克袭击成为一场噩梦 Truk could make the Eniwetok invasion a nightmare.
在埃尼威托克登陆的前两天 Two days before landing on Eniwetok,
300架战斗机从埃塞克斯航母上起飞 300 fighter planes launch off the Essex carriers.
他们的曳光弹瞄准了特鲁克的机场 Tracers flying, they take dead aim on Truk's airfields.
30次单独打击带来了无情的压力 Thirty separate strikes deliver unrelenting pressure.
每一次袭击都比日本偷袭珍珠港时的更为强大 Each one is more powerful than the Japanese strike at Pearl Harbor.
美军击毁了250架飞机和40艘军舰 Americans take out 250 planes and forty naval ships.
特鲁克岛沉寂了，再不能成为日本主要的作战基地 Truk is silenced. Never again will Japan use it as a major operating base.
空中已经扫清，可以对埃尼威托克发动进攻 The skies are cleared for an assault on Eniwetok.
1944年2月7日
一万多人的部队接近目标 More than 10,000 men approach the target.
美国船只连续两天轰炸该岛 For two days American ships blast the island
进攻部队在等待着——希望敌人屈服 while the invasion force waits -- and hopes the enemy is buckling.
海滩上的阻力并不多 On the beach, resistance is light.
岛上只有几千守军 There are only a few thousand defenders on the island.
但这不会是一次野餐 But it won't be a picnic.
日本也从塔拉瓦吸取了教训 Japan also took lessons from Tarawa.
这里建造的碉堡同样坚固，现在它们还在地下互通 Here they built pillboxes just as strong, but now they're connected underground.
陷入这些蜘蛛网的部队西面受敌 Troops caught in these spiderweb networks are shot at from all sides
日军迅速从一个散兵坑转移到另一个散兵坑 as the Japanese rapidly shift from one foxhole to another.
进展是缓慢的 Progress is slow.
美军花了4天时间清扫埃尼威托克 It takes four days for the Americans to clean up Eniwetok.
262人阵亡，而日本的损失超过2000人 262 soldiers lie dead -- while Japan loses more than 2,000.
这是尼米兹的再次胜利 It's another victory for Nimitz.
马绍尔群岛终于落入盟军的手中 The Marshall Islands are finally in Allied hands.
日本人被刺痛了，但没有停滞不前 The Japanese are stung, but not stagnant.
他们会做出回应 They will respond.
攻下马绍尔比计划提前了10周 With the capture of the Marshalls 10 weeks ahead of schedule,
美国人逐渐在太平洋地区全力以赴 Americans ratchet up their entire effort in the Pacific.
他们建造了更多的海军基地 They build more naval bases,
更多防御工事，和更多的机场 more fortifications, and more airfields.
他们制定大胆的计划，以更快地行动 They make bold plans to move more quickly.
美国人证明了从水面上 Americans proved that a frontal invasion
对一个坚固的滩头正面进攻是可行的 from the water onto a fortified beachhead is possible.
两栖攻击现在成熟了 Amphibious assaults are now coming of age.
跳岛战术将很快成为太平洋战争的代名词 Island hopping will soon become synonymous with the Pacific War.
但下一步要做的更大，更远 But the next step is far bigger, a lot farther,
这将是一次不同于以往的考验 and will be a test unlike any other.